Materials & Metallurgy
Steels, Fe-C diagram, heat treatments and metal alloys.
🔩IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyHeat Treatments in Welding: Complete GuidePreheating, PWHT, normalising and annealing — when to apply, temperatures and mandatory codes.🔩IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyHeat-Affected Zone (HAZ)Technical analysis of the HAZ: thermal cycle, peak temperature (Rykalin), metallurgical sub-zones, carbon equivalent and control measures.🔩IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyStainless Steel WeldingTechnical guide to welding stainless steels: classification, metallurgy, sensitisation, ferrite measurement and applicable standards.
IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyFerrite, Pearlite and Cementite: Mechanical Properties by Carbon ContentAnalysis of the three fundamental phases of steels — ferrite, pearlite and cementite — with mechanical properties tabulated by carbon content and impact on weldability.
AdvancedMaterials & MetallurgyISO/TR 15608 Material Groups: Classification and Qualification CoverageExplanation of the ISO/TR 15608 material grouping system — groups and sub-groups for steels, aluminium alloys and other materials — and how this classification determines coverage of procedure qualifications (ISO 15614) and welder qualifications (ISO 9606-1).
IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyCarbon Equivalent: How to Calculate It and What It Means for WeldabilityCarbon equivalent (CE) is the quick indicator of a steel's weldability. Learn to calculate it using the IIW and CET methods, interpret the result and decide if preheat is needed.
IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyPreheat and Interpass Temperature in WeldingHow to calculate and control preheat and interpass temperature to prevent cold cracking in steels.
IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyStainless Steels: Types and WeldabilityClassification of austenitic, ferritic, martensitic and duplex stainless steels. Weldability issues specific to each family and preventive measures per EN 1011-3.
IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyHeat Affected Zone (HAZ): Microstructure and PropertiesWhat happens to the base metal during welding: HAZ sub-zones, temperature gradient, grain growth and impact on mechanical properties. Based on the Fe-C diagram and EN 1011-2.
IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyCovered Electrode Classification — EN ISO 2560 and AWS A5.1Complete guide to covered electrode classification: coating types (rutile, basic, cellulosic), EN ISO 2560 and AWS standards, selection and applications.
AdvancedMaterials & MetallurgyShielding Gases in Welding — Complete Technical Guide (EN ISO 14175)In-depth technical guide to shielding gases in welding: EN ISO 14175 classification, properties of argon, CO₂, helium and hydrogen, mixtures by process and material, flow rates, bead morphology influence and defects.
AdvancedMaterials & MetallurgyIron-Carbon Diagram (Fe-C) — Complete Guide for WeldersThe Fe-C equilibrium diagram explained: phases, constituents, critical temperatures, steels and cast irons. Essential for welding metallurgy.
IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyFerrite, Pearlite and Cementite: Mechanical Properties by Carbon ContentAnalysis of the three fundamental phases of steels — ferrite, pearlite and cementite — with mechanical properties tabulated by carbon content and impact on weldability.AdvancedMaterials & MetallurgyISO/TR 15608 Material Groups: Classification and Qualification CoverageExplanation of the ISO/TR 15608 material grouping system — groups and sub-groups for steels, aluminium alloys and other materials — and how this classification determines coverage of procedure qualifications (ISO 15614) and welder qualifications (ISO 9606-1).IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyCarbon Equivalent: How to Calculate It and What It Means for WeldabilityCarbon equivalent (CE) is the quick indicator of a steel's weldability. Learn to calculate it using the IIW and CET methods, interpret the result and decide if preheat is needed.IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyPreheat and Interpass Temperature in WeldingHow to calculate and control preheat and interpass temperature to prevent cold cracking in steels.IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyStainless Steels: Types and WeldabilityClassification of austenitic, ferritic, martensitic and duplex stainless steels. Weldability issues specific to each family and preventive measures per EN 1011-3.IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyHeat Affected Zone (HAZ): Microstructure and PropertiesWhat happens to the base metal during welding: HAZ sub-zones, temperature gradient, grain growth and impact on mechanical properties. Based on the Fe-C diagram and EN 1011-2.IntermediateMaterials & MetallurgyCovered Electrode Classification — EN ISO 2560 and AWS A5.1Complete guide to covered electrode classification: coating types (rutile, basic, cellulosic), EN ISO 2560 and AWS standards, selection and applications.AdvancedMaterials & MetallurgyShielding Gases in Welding — Complete Technical Guide (EN ISO 14175)In-depth technical guide to shielding gases in welding: EN ISO 14175 classification, properties of argon, CO₂, helium and hydrogen, mixtures by process and material, flow rates, bead morphology influence and defects.AdvancedMaterials & MetallurgyIron-Carbon Diagram (Fe-C) — Complete Guide for WeldersThe Fe-C equilibrium diagram explained: phases, constituents, critical temperatures, steels and cast irons. Essential for welding metallurgy.